HTML TAGS

HTML Tags

Introduction

Tags are the reserve keywords used in the HTML file. With the help of tags we can set the format of the text and elements used in the file.

Example: Setting the font, size, color, bold, italic, Underline to the text.

In HTML language all of the files are written using tags. Even starting of the html file is done by the <html> tag and ended with the </html> end tag. Tags are the reserved keywords used in the HTML. They are the predefined words called tags.

· HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements.

· HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters <and>

· The surrounding characters are called angle brackets.

· HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>

· The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.

· The text between the start and end tags is the element content.

· HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>

Basic HTML Tags

The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs, body and line breaks. The basic HTML Tags are described here in the form of table so that you can remind them easily.

Basic HTML Tags

Tag	Description
<html>	Defines an HTML document
<head>	Defines information about the document
<title>	Defines the document title
<body>	Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6>	Defines header 1 to header 6
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<br>	Inserts a single line break
<hr>	Defines a horizontal rule
<!-->	Defines a comment

Description Of The Above Tags

<html>tag

This element tells a browser that this is an HTML document. This tag is defined at the top of the HTML file and at the end of file.

Format:

Example:

<html> <body> this is my first page </body></html>

<head> tag

The head tag defines information about the document. The browser does not display the "head information" to the user. The following tags can be in the head section: <base>, <link>, <meta>, <script>, <style>, and <title>. The head tag is used between <html> and <body> tags.

Format:

<html> <head>.....head sections....</head><body>......body of HTML........</body></html>

Example:

<html> <head><title>Basic tag</title></head>>body> this is my first page </body></html>

<title> tag

Title tag defines the title of the document which appears in the Title bar of the explorer window. Title tag is used in between <head> and </head> tag because it is title tag is section of <head> tag.

Format:

<html> <head><title>Title of the Page</title></head><body>.....body of HTML......</body></html>

Example:

<html> <head><title>Basic tag</title></head><body> this is my first page </body></html>

<body> tag

The body element defines the document's body. It contains all the contents of the document (like text, images, colors, graphics etc).

Format:

Example:

Attributes

Attribute	Value	Description
background	file_name	An image to use as the background. Deprecated. Use styles instead.
bgcolor	color_name	The background color of the document. Deprecated. Use styles instead.
link, alink, vlink	color_name	Specifies the color of all the links in the document. Deprecated. Use styles instead.
text	color_name	Specifies the color of the text in the document. Deprecated. Use styles instead.

<hn>...</hn> Heading Tags

These tags are used to display headings in an HTML document. through these tags you can increase the size of the text. In these tags <h1> tag defines the largest header & <h6> defines smallest.

These tags are <h1> </h1>, <h2> </h2>, <h3> </h3>, <h4> </h4>, <h5> </h5>

Format:

Example:

<h1> this is my first page </h1> or <h1 align="right">text</h1> Attribute of the <hn> Tag.

Attribute of the <hn> Tag

It has only one attribute i.e. Align="value" values may be right, left, center and justified. you can use this align attribute in many tags to align the text or elements.

align value (right, center, left, justified)

<p>.....</p> Paragraph Tag

This tag is used for creating the paragraph in the web page. It is used inside the body of file.

Format:

<p>......longtext..........</p>

Example:

<p> This is the test of paragraph tag........</p>

In this tag align attribute can be used.

<br> tag

The <br> tag inserts a single line break. Use the <br> tag to enter blank lines, not to separate paragraphs. This tag has no end tag.

Format

text........<br> .....text

Example:

This is a break <br> in the line.

<hr> tag

The <hr> tag inserts a horizontal rule. The <hr> tag has no end tag.

Format:

text......<hr> ......text or text......<hr align=" " size=" " width=" ">.... text

Example:

This is the test of the tag <hr>

Attribute

Attribute	Value	Description
align	right,left,center	The alignment of the horizontal rule.
size	% , pixels	The thickness (height) of the horizontal rule.
width	% , pixels	The width of the horizontal rule.

Comment Tag

The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date.

You can also store program-specific information inside comments. In this case they will not be visible for the user, but they are still available to the program. A good practice is to comment the text inside the script and style elements to prevent older browsers, that do not support scripting or styles, from showing it as plain text.

Format:

Example:

You might have became bored of reading so lets do some practical.

Follow these Steps:

copy this code in the new file of any text editor.
Save it with htm or html extension.
Open the Internet Browser.
Open the saved file in it.

Example:

<html>
<head>
<title>In body tag</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightyellow" text="red">
In body tag, background color is defined as black and textcolor is defined as the white.
<hr>
<h1> this is the h1 header </h1>
<h2> this is the h2header </h2>
<h3> this is the h3 header </h3>
<h4> this is the h4 header </h4>
<h5> this is the h5 header </h5>
<hr>This is the use of "Break" tag<br> and you will see use of more tags<br>
<hr> look at the use of comment tag it is good
<hr><p> This is the use of paragraph tag and you will see use of more tags </p>
The effect of "hr" tag <br> <hr>
</body>
</html>

Explanation of the page:

The title of the page is at the top in blue strip. All the text appears in white color and background in the black color. Because in the <body> tag the bgcolor and text color is defined. The horizontal line appears because of the <hr> tag and the <br> tag breaks the text in between and displays it on new line. The comment statement is not displayed.

Character Format Tags

These tags are used for the formatting of the text such as underline, bold, italic, font, size, color of the text.

All these character formatting Tags are defined in the table shown below:

Char Format Tag	Description
<b>	Displays bold text
<i>	Displays italic text
<tt>	Renders as teletype or mono spaced text
<u>	Displays underlined text
<em>	Displays emphasized text
<big>	Displays big text
<small>	Displays small text
<strong>	Displays strong text
<sub>	Displays subscripted text
<sup>	Displays superscripted text
<bdo>	Defines the direction of text display
<font>	Defines the font face, size, and color of text

<b> Tag

The <b> tag is used to make the text bold.

Format:

<i> Tag

The <i> tag displays the italic text.

Format:

<i> ................text.........</i>;

<tt> Tag

The <tt> tag displays the typewriter text.

Format:

<u> Tag

The <u> tag displays the underlined text.

Format:

<em> Tag

The <em> tag displays the emphasized text.

Format:

<big> Tag

The <big> tag displays the big text.

Format:

<small> Tag

The <small> tag displays the small text.

Format:

<strong> Tag

The <strong> tag displays strong text.

Format:

<sub> Tag

The <sub> tag displays text in subscripted format.

Format:

<sup> Tag

The <sup> tag displays superscripted text.

Format:

<bdo> Tag

The <bdo> tag defines the direction of the text.

Format:

<font> Tag

The <font> tag defines the font, color, size of the text.

Format:

Examples of the Text Formatting tags

Examples	Outputs
<b>This text is bold</b>	This text is bold
<strong> This text is strong </strong>	This text is strong
<big> This text is big </big>	This text is big
<em> This text is emphasized </em>	This text is emphasized
<i> This text is italic </i>	This text is italic
<small> This text is small </small>	This text is small;
This text contains <sub> subscript </sub>	This text contains subscript
This text contains <sup> superscript </sup>	This text contains superscript
<u> this is underlined text </u>	this is underlined text
<bdo dir="rtl">Here is some Hebrew text</bdo>	Here is some Hebrew text

You have read all the basic tags, So now lets do some practical.

Just write/copy this example on any text editor new file and save the file and open in the browser and see how it looks.

Example:

<html>
<body>
<b>This text is bold</b>
<br>
<strong> This text is strong </strong>
<br>
<big> This text is big </big>
<br>
<em> This text is emphasized </em>
<br>
<i> This text is italic </i>
<br>
<small> This text is small </small>
<br>
<u> this is underlined text </u>
<br>
This text contains
<sub> subscript </sub>
<br>
This text contains
<sup> superscript </sup>
<br> The use of font tag
<font face="arial" size="3" color="green">
this is use of font tag</font>
</body>
</html>

Page in browser will Look Like:

Output Tags

These tags are often used to display computer/programming code. You might be surprised for "how to display the text containing the spaces, line breaks, programming codes, sample text, define variable". Do not worry, because in this chapter we are going to show you how easily you can do easily.

So lets start with these tags:

Tag	Description
<pre>	Defines preformatted text
<code>	Defines computer code text
<tt>	Defines teletype text
<kbd>	Defines keyboard text
<var>	Defines a variable
<dfn>	Defines a definition term
<bdo>	Defines the direction of text display
<samp>	Defines sample computer code

<pre>.........</pre>Tag

This is preformatted text. It preserves both spaces and line breaks. The pre tag is good for displaying computer code.

Format:

Example:

<pre> for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i
</pre>

Output:

for i = 1 to 10
print i
next i

<code> .....text ......</code> Tag

This tag is also used to display the computer code. But better you use <pre> tag.

Format:

<kbd>.....Keyboard Input......</kbd> Tag

This tag displays the Keyboard Input.

Format:

<kbd> ........ Keyboard Input......</kbd>

<tt>......text....</tt> Tag

This tag displays the typewriter text.

Format:

<samp>....sample text...</samp> Tag

This tag displays the sample text.

Format:

<samp> .....sample text.....</samp>

<var> computer variable </var>

This tag defines the computer variable.

Format:

<var> computer variable </var>

<dfn> definition term </dfn>

this tag is used for definition term.

Examples of output tags

Examples	Outputs
<pre> It preserve all spaces </pre>	It preserve all spaces
<code>Computer code</code>	Computer code
<kbd>Keyboard input</kbd>	Keyboard input
<tt>Teletype text</tt>	Teletype text
<samp>Sample text</samp>	Sample text
<var>Computer variable</var>	Computer variable
<dfn>Definition term</dfn>	Definition term

Now you have learned the Output Tags so lets do some practical. Below there is a file type the same code on notepad (any text editor) and save it. now open this file in the internet browser.

Example:

<html>
<body> <code>Computer code</code>
<br>
<kbd>Keyboard input</kbd>
<br>
<tt>Teletype text</tt>
<br>
<samp>Sample text</samp>
<br>
<var>Computer variable</var>
<br>
<p>
<b>Note:</b>
These tags are often used to display computer/programming code.
</p>
</body>
</html>

Page in browser will Look Like:

Block Tags

Tag	Description
<acronym>	Defines an acronym
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation
<address>	Defines an address element
<blockquote>	Defines an long quotation
<center>	Defines centered text
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<cite>	Defines a citation
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<del>	Defines deleted text
<s>	Defines strikethrough text
<strike>	Defines strikethrough text

<acronym>..text..</acronym>Tag

The tag defines the start of an acronym, like "WWW" and "C.B.I.". By marking up acronyms you can give useful information to browsers, spell checkers, translation systems and search-engine indexers.

The title attribute can be used to show the full version of the expression when you are holding the mouse over the acronym(text).

Format:

Indicates an abbreviated form, like "Inc.", "etc.". By marking up abbreviations you can give useful information to browsers, spell checkers, translation systems and search-engine indexers.

In some browsers the title attribute can be used to show the full version of the expression when you are holding the mouse over the abbreviation.

Format:

<address> ..address..</address>

The <address> tag defines the start of an address. You should use it to define addresses, signatures, or authorships of documents. The address usually renders in italic. Most browsers will add a line break before and after the address element, but line breaks inside the text you have to insert yourself.

Format with Example:

<address>
Donald Duck<br />
Box 555<br />
Disneyland
</address>

Output:
Donald Duck
Box 555
Disneyland

The <blockquote> tag defines the start of a long quotation.

<blockquote>
<p>here is a long quotation</p>
</blockquote>

This tag Centers its enclosed text horizontally.

Format:

<q> small text</q>

The <q> tag defines the start of a short quotation.

Format:

<q> small text</q>

<cite>

This tag defines the citation.

Format:

<ins>

This tag provide the facility of inserting the text in between the text.

Format:

<del>

Defines text that has been deleted in a document.

Format:

The <s> and <strike> tags defines strikethrough text.

Format:

Examples of Block tags

Examples	Outputs
<blockquote><p>here is a long quotation </p></blockquote>	here is a long quotation
<q>here is a short quotation </q>	"here is a short quotation"
<center>Center this text</center>	Center this text
a dozen is <del>20</del>pieces!	a dozen is 20 pieces!
a dozen is <ins>12</ins>pieces!	a dozen is 12 pieces!
<cite>Citation</cite>	Citation
A version is <s>not available.</s> now available!	A version is ~~not available.~~ now available!
A version is <strike>not available.</strike> ok!	A version is ~~not available.~~ ok!

Now you have learned the Output Tags, so now lets do some practical.

Just write/copy this example on any text editor new file and save the file and open in the browser and see how it looks.

Example:

<html>
<head>
<title>Block Tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<br><b> center tag </b>
<center>Center this text</center>
<b> acronym tag </b>
<acronym title="World Wide Web">WWW</acronym><br>
<b> abbr tag </b>
<abbr title="hypertext markup language"> HTML</abbr><br>
<b> blockquote tag </b>
<blockquote>here is a long quotation here is a long quotation</blockquote>
<b> del tag </b>
a dozen is <del>20</del> pieces!<br>
<b> ins tag </b>
a dozen is <ins>12</ins> pieces!<br>
<b> s tag </b>
A new version is <s>not yet available.</s> now available!
<b> strike tag </b><br>
A new version is <strike>not yet available.</strike> now available!
</body>
</html>

Page in browser will Look Like:

Other Tags

The <style> tag

The <style> tag defines a style in a document.

The style element goes in the head section. If you want to include a style sheet in your page, you should define the style sheet externally, and link to it using <link>. Using this tag you can initialize the text properties as shown in the example. In the example color for the header tag is defined initially in the header part of the file using the <style> tag.

Format	Example	Output
<head> <style type="text/css"> h1 {color: yellow} h3 {color: lightgreen} </style> </head>	<html> <head> <style type="text/css"> h3 {color: red} h4 {color: blue} </style> <title>style tag</title> </head> <body> <h3>This is header < h3> </h3> <h4>This is header < h4> </h4> </body> </html>	This is header < h3> This is header < h4>

In the above example, h3 is a tag which will be displayed in red color which has been mentioned in the style tag. Just like h3 tag there is a tag i.e., h4 which will be displayed in the blue color which has been mentioned in the style sheet.

Attributes

Attribute	Value	Description
type	text/css	Defines the content-type

Just write/copy this example on any text editor new file and save the file and open in the browser and see how it looks.

The <div> tag

The <div>tag defines a division/section in a document. Use the <div> tag to group block-elements to format them with styles. This tag is used below the <body> tag.

Format	Example	Output
<body> <div style=" " > </div> </body>	<html> <body> This is some text <div style="color:red"> <h4>This is a header in a div section</h4> <p>This is a paragraph in a div section</p> </div> </body> </html>	This is some text This is a header in a div section This is a paragraph in a div section

Attributes

Attribute	Value	Description
align	left, right, top, bottom	How to align the text in the div element. better use style attribute.

Now lets have an example of both the tag.

Just write/copy this example on any text editor new file and save the file and open in the browser and see how it looks.

Example:

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
h1 {color: red}
h3 {color: blue}
</style>
<title>style tag</title>
</head> <body>
Use of STYLE tag
<h1>This is header H1 text </h1>
<h3>This is header H3 text </h3>
Use of DIV tag
<div style="color:#FF0000;">
This is a header in a div section
<br>This is a paragraph in a div section
</div><br>
</body>
</html>

Page in browser will Look Like:

In the above example we have seen the use of <style> and <div> tags. the both the headers h1 & h3 are displayed in the Red and Blue color because their color has been defined in the style tags. Then we saw the use of <div> tag, so the text defined in the <div> tag in displayed in the color defined inside the <div> tag.

Marquee Text with <marquee> Tags

This tag is used to to get a moving text. As on the television you see the moving news headlines. You can do this by using the <marquee> tag.

Format:

<marquee> Write the text to be scrolled </marquee>

Example:

<marquee> Write the text to be scrolled </marquee>

Attributes

Attribute	Value	Description
bgcolor	colorcode,colorname	Defines the back ground color to the text.
behavior	alternet, slide	Defines the type of movement to the text.
direction	down, up, right, left	Defines the movement direction of the text.
loop	positive integer	Defines the no. of times to text will scroll.
scrollamount	positive integer	Defines the scrolling speed of the text.
title	text	Defines text will appear when mouse pointer is on it.
width, height	positive integer	Defines the area of scrolling.

Behavior attribute

alternet: for this value the text bounces across the scroll region.

slide: for this value the text slides into position.

if you do not defines the behavior attribute then the text keeps scrolling continues manner according to the direction. BLINKING TEXT with <blink>Tag

This blinking text is the text which blinks like a bulb with on/off system. This blinking of text can be achieved in the HTML using the <blink> Tag.

Format :

<blink> write the text to blink </blink>

Example:

<blink> This is the blinking text. </blink> so now lets do some practical.

Just write/copy this example on any text editor new file and save the file and open in the browser and see how it looks.

Example:

<html>
<head>
<title>Marquee & Blink </title>
</head>
<body>
<b>Marquee text with <br>
direction=up height=50 width=200 scrollamount=1 bgcolor=lightyellow </b>
<br>
<marquee style="color: #FF0000; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: Verdana" direction="up" height="50" width="200" scrollamount="1" bgcolor="lightyellow"> this is scrolling text</marquee></p>
<p><b>Marquee text with <br>
direction=left height=20 behavior=alternate scrollamount=10 bgcolor=lightyellow </b>
<marquee style="color: #FF0000; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: Verdana" direction="left" height="20" behavior="alternate" scrollamount="10" bgcolor="lightyellow"> this is scrolling text</marquee><br>
<br>
<b>Marquee text with <br>
direction=left height=20 scrollamount=10 bgcolor=lightyellow </b>
<marquee style="color: #FF0000; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: Verdana" direction="left" height="20" scrollamount="10" bgcolor="lightyellow"> this is scrolling text</marquee><br>
<br>
<font face="Verdana">
<b>BLINKING TEXT</b></font></p>
</p>
<font color="#FF0000"><b>
<BLINK> <font face="Verdana">This is the blinking text.</BLINK></b></font>
</body>
</html>

Tags Summary

Tags Ordered Alphabetically

Tags	Description
<!--...-->	Defines a comment
<a>	Defines an anchor
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation
<acronym>	Defines an acronym
<address>	Defines an address element
<area>	Defines an area inside an image map
<b>	Defines bold text
<bdo>	Defines the direction of text display
<big>	Defines big text
<blink>	Defines the blinking text in a document
<blockquote>	Defines a long quotation
<body>	Defines the body element
<br>	Inserts a single line break
<button>	Defines a push button
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<center>	Deprecated. Defines centered text
<cite>	Defines a citation
<code>	Defines computer code text
<col>	Defines attributes for table columns
<colgroup>	Defines groups of table columns
<dd>	Defines a definition description
<del>	Defines deleted text
<dir>	Deprecated. Defines a directory list
<dfn>	Defines a definition term
<div>	Defines a section in a document
<dl>	Defines a definition list
<dt>	Defines a definition term
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<frameset>	Defines a fieldset
<font>	Deprecated. Defines the font face, size, and color of text
<form>	Defines a form
<frame>	Defines a sub window (a frame)
<fieldset>	Defines a set of frames
<h1> to <h6>	Defines header 1 to header 6
<head>	Defines information about the document
<hr>	Defines a horizontal rule
<html>	Defines an html document
<i>	Defines italic text
<iframe>	Defines an inline sub window (frame)
<img>	Defines an image
<input>	Defines an input field
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<kbd>	Defines keyboard text
<label>	Defines a label for a form control
<li>	Defines a list item
<map>	Defines an image map
<marquee>	Defines the moving text in a document
<menu>	Deprecated. Defines a menu list
<noframes>	Defines a noframe section
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<optgroup>	Defines an option group
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<pre>	Defines preformatted text
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<s>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text
<samp>	Defines sample computer code
<select>	Defines a selectable list
<small>	Defines small text
<span>	Defines a section in a document
<strike>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text
<strong>	Defines strong text
<style>	Defines a style definition
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<table>	Defines a table
<tbody>	Defines a table body
<td>	Defines a table cell
<textarea>	Defines a text area
<tfoot>	Defines a table footer
<th>	Defines a table header
<thead>	Defines a table header
<title>	Defines the document title
<tr>	Defines a table row
<tt>	Defines teletype text
<u>	Deprecated. Defines underlined text;
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<var>	Defines a variable

Tags Ordered by Function

Basic Tags

Tags	Description
<html>	Defines a html document
<head>	Defines information about the document
<title>	Defines the document title
<body>	Defines the body element
<h1> to <h6>	Defines header 1 to header 6
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<br>	Inserts a single line break
<hr>	Defines a horizontal rule
<!--...-->	Defines a comment

Char Format

Tags	Description
<b>	Defines bold text
<font>	Deprecated. Defines the font face, size, and color of text
<i>	Defines italic text
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<big>	Defines big text
<strong>	Defines strong text
<small>	Defines small text
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<bdo>	Defines the direction of text display
<u>	Deprecated. Defines underlined text

Output

Tags	Description
<pre>	Defines preformatted text
<code>	Defines computer code text
<tt>	Defines teletype text
<kbd>	Defines keyboard text
<var>	Defines a variable
<dfn>	Defines a definition term
<samp>	Defines sample computer code

Blocks

Tags	Description
<acronym>	Defines an acronym
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation
<address>	Defines an address element
<blockquote>	Defines an long quotation
<center>	Deprecated. Defines centered text
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<cite>	Defines a citation
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<del>	Defines deleted text
<s>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text
<strike>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text

Links

Tags	Description
<a>	Defines an anchor

Frames

Tags	Description
<frame>	Defines a sub window (a frame)
<frameset>	Defines a set of frames
<noframes>	Defines a noframe section
<iframe>	Defines an inline sub window (frame)

Input

Tags	Description
<form>	Defines a form
<input>	Defines an input field
<textarea>	Defines a text area
<button>	Defines a push button
<select>	Defines a selectable list
<optgroup>	Defines an option group
<option>	Defines an item in a list box
<label>	Defines a label for a form control
<fieldset>	Defines a fieldset

Lists

Tags	Description
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<li>	Defines a list item
<dir>	Deprecated. Defines a directory list
<dl>	Defines a definition list
<dt>	Defines a definition term
<dd>	Defines a definition description
<menu>	Deprecated. Defines a menu list

Images

Tags	Description
<img>	Defines an image
<map>	Defines an image map
<area>	Defines an area inside an image map

Tables

Tags	Description
<table>	Defines a table
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<th>	Defines a table header
<tr>	Defines a table row
<td>	Defines a table cell
<thead>	Defines a table header
<tbody>	Defines a table body
<tfoot>	Defines a table footer

Styles

Tags	Description
<style>	Defines a style definition
<div>	Defines a section in a document
<marquee>	Defines the moving text in a document
<blink>	Defines the blinking text in a document

Programming

Tags	Description
<script>	Defines a script
<noscript>	Defines a noscript section
<applet>	Deprecated. Defines an applet
<object>	Defines an embedded object
<param>	Defines a parameter for an object

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